Everything about Rafael Del Riego totally explained
Rafael del Riego y Nuñez (
9 April,
1784 -
7 November,
1823) was a
Spanish general and liberal politician.
Del Riego was born on
9 April 1784 (according to other sources
24 November 1785) in
Santa María de Tuñas in
Asturias. After graduating from the
University of Oviedo in
1807, he moved to
Madrid, where he joined the army. In
1808, during the
Spanish War of Independence he was taken captive by the
French and imprisoned in
Escorial, from where he eventually escaped.
On
10 November he took part in the
Battle of Espinosa de los Monteros, after which he once again was taken prisoner. Three days later he was sent to France, and eventually released. He traveled around
England and the
German states, and in
1814 he returned to Spain and once again joined the army in the rank of lieutenant colonel.
During the six years of
absolutism he joined the
freemasons and liberals in a conspiracy against king
Ferdinand VII. In
1819 the king formed 10
battalions to fight the
South American resistance movements. Riego took command of the
Asturian battalion. However, after arriving at
Cádiz, together with other officers he started a mutiny on
1 January,
1820 and demanded the return of the
1812 constitution. This conflict was later known as
Spanish Civil War, 1820-1823. Riego's troops marched through the cities of Andalusia with the hope of starting an anti-royal uprising, but the local population was mostly indifferent. An uprising was however started in
Galicia, and it quickly spread throughout Spain. On
7 March,
1820 the royal palace in Madrid was surrounded by soldiers under the command of general Ballesteros, and on
March 10 the king agreed to restore the constitution.
The newly founded "progressist" government promoted Riego to
field marshall and made him
Captain General of
Galicia. On
8 January,
1821 he took command of
Aragon, and moved to
Saragossa. On
18 June of the same year he married his cousin Maria Teresa del Riego y Bustillos. On
4 September 1821 because of a failed republican revolt, he was wrongly accused of republicanism and imprisoned. However, his popularity grew, and demonstrations took place in Madrid demanding his release. In March,
1822 he was elected to the
Cortes Generales, and eventually released from prison.
In December
1822, at the
Congress of Verona, the
Quintuple Alliance countries decided that a republican Spain would be a threat to the balance of Europe, and France was chosen to re-introduce absolute monarchy in Spain. On
7 April,
1823 the French army crossed the borders. Riego took command of the 3rd Army, and resisted the invaders as well as local loyalist groups. But on
15 September he was betrayed, and taken prisoner in a "cortijo" near of the village of Arquillos(
Jaén). He was taken to Madrid. Even though absolute amnesty had been announced, the royal court found Riego guilty of treason, as he was one of the members of parliament who voted in favor of taking the power from the king. After being shot to death in a desperate scape-away attempt, on
7 November 1823 Rafael del Riego's corpse was hanged at the la Cebada square in Madrid.
El Himno de Riego, a song written in honour of Riego was the anthem of the
Second Spanish Republic (
1931-
1939). Currently his portrait is displayed in the building of the
Cortes Generales.
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